Courses > Semester 3
Anatomy and Morphology of Plants
The plant Cell
Cells and tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, epidermis, vascular tissues (xylem, phloem), periderm, meristems, secretory structures
Stem: external structure, primary growth, secondary growth, stem modifications
Leaf: external structure, gymnosperm leaf, angiosperm leaf, growth and development, abscission, leaf modifications
Root: external structure, primary growth, transition between the vascular systems of the root and shoot, root modifications, mycorrhiza and nodules
Flower: external structure, gymnosperm flower, angiosperm flower, pollination, fertilization
Fruit: simple, aggregate and multiple fruits
Seed: external structure, gymnosperm seed, angiosperm seed, embryogenesis, endosperm, seed dispersal
Zoology
Course description
Zoology provides a systematic investigation of the major animal groups along with protistan. Students will be able to discuss and correctly apply evolutionary, taxonomic, anatomical, physiological, behavioral, and ecological characteristics which exist within each of these groups.
Laboratory
Laboratory work which requires dissection is an integral and required part of this course. Your presence and participation in the laboratory is required. There are no facilities to make up missed laboratory work and no option for independent work.
Course objectives
In this course you will learn the systematic relationships of animals using evolutionary advances in form and function as criteria. These comparisons will establish an organized array of facts and descriptions which can be used to: (1) determine where each animal group fits evolutionarily in the animal kingdom; (2) place animals in classification schemes; (3) show which characteristics interrelate and interconnect all animals; (4) demonstrate how changes in animal structure provide opportunities for adaptation to new or existing environmental conditions; (5) evaluate the general magnitude of animal evolution over time; (6) develop a historical perspective of animals; and (7) illustrate how different animal structures and functions are complimentary.
Cell Biology
- Membrane Structure
- Membrane Transport of Small Molecules and the Ionic Basis of Membrane Excitability
- Intracellular Compartements and Protein Sorting
- Vesicular Traffic in the Secretory and Endocytic Pathways
- The Cell Nucleus and Chromosome Organisation
- Energy Conversion: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
- The Cytoskeleton
- The Cell-Division Cycle
- The Mechanisms of Cell Division
- Cell Junctions, Cell Adhesion and the Extracellular Matrix
- Cell Signaling
Biochemistry I
Proteins and enzymes
Structure function and methods of protein analysis-Enzyme kinetics and inhibitors
Characteristic structures in Biochemistry
Carbohydrates – Biological Membranes
Metabolism
Introduction to metabolism – Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis - Citric acid Cycle - Oxidative phosphorylation - The Pentose Phosphate pathway – Glycogen metabolism – Fatty acid metabolism - Aminoacid catabolism and the urea cycle
Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems
Conservation of Energy
Work, Heat
Thermodynamics
1st Law of Thermodynamics (Internal Energy, Enthalpy)
2nd Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy)
3rd Law of Thermodynamics
Spontaneous Reactions (Gibbs Energy)
Chemical Equilibrium
Activity
Equilibrium and Gibbs Energy
Equilibrium Constant
Biochemical Standard Gibbs Energy
Electrochemistry
Galvanic Cells
Standard Electrode Potentials
Ionic Strength
Equilibrium between Phases
Chemical Potential
Equilibrium of Dialysis
Surfaces, Membranes
Surface Tension
Colligative Properties
Molecular Weight Determination
Chemical Kinetics
Rate Law
Zero-order Reactions
First-order Reactions
Second-order Reactions
Parallel Reactions
Consecutive Reactions
Enzyme Kinetics
Equations of Enzyme Kinetics
Enzyme Inhibition
Spectroscopy
Absorption and Emission of Radiation
Beer's Law
Ultraviolet Spectra
Fluorescence
Polarized Light, Optical Rotation
Optical Rotatory Dispersion
Circular Dichroism
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance